The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.